SSDI Eligibility: Who Qualifies for Disability Benefits in the U.S.?

3 minute read

By Clarissa Mitton

Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) helps people who can’t work because of serious health problems. This program provides financial support to workers who have paid into Social Security but can no longer earn a living due to a disability. However, not everyone qualifies. To receive benefits, applicants must meet strict medical and work history requirements. Find out who is eligible, how the process works, and what to expect when applying.

Basic Requirements for SSDI Eligibility

To qualify for SSDI, applicants must meet two main requirements: medical and work history.

Medical Eligibility

A person must have a severe disability that prevents them from working. The condition must last at least 12 months or be expected to result in death. The Social Security Administration (SSA) has a list of conditions that often qualify, but even those not listed may be eligible if severe enough.

Work History Requirement

SSDI is for people who have worked and paid Social Security taxes. To qualify, applicants must have enough work credits. Credits are earned based on income, with a maximum of four per year. Most people need 40 credits, with 20 earned in the last 10 years, but younger workers may qualify with fewer credits.

Medical Conditions That Qualify

The SSA has a guide called the Blue Book, which lists disabilities that qualify for SSDI. Some common conditions include:

Even if a condition is not listed, an applicant can still qualify if they prove their disability prevents them from working. Medical records, doctor statements, and test results help show the severity of the condition.

The Application Process

Applying for SSDI can take several months. The process involves:

  1. Filing an application: Applicants can apply online, by phone, or in person at a Social Security office. They need medical records, work history details, and personal identification.
  2. Review by SSA: The SSA reviews the case to check if the applicant meets work and medical requirements.
  3. Decision by Disability Determination Services (DDS): This agency reviews medical evidence and decides if the applicant is disabled.
  4. Approval or denial: Many applications are denied at first, but applicants can appeal if they disagree with the decision.

What to Do If Your Application Is Denied

Over half of SSDI applications are denied on the first try. However, there is an appeals process:

Hiring a disability lawyer can help during the appeal process, as they understand the legal steps and can present strong evidence.

Understanding Your SSDI Rights

SSDI provides critical financial help to those who can’t work due to severe disabilities. However, meeting the strict eligibility rules can be challenging.

Understanding the medical and work history requirements, knowing how to apply, and being prepared for possible appeals increases the chances of approval. If denied, don’t give up—many applicants receive benefits after an appeal. If you believe you qualify, take the first step and apply as soon as possible.

Contributor

Clarissa is an online writer and editor who is passionate about crafting stories and providing valuable information to her readers. When she's not writing, she enjoys reading, spending time outdoors, and sharing quality moments with her husband and beloved sheltie.